Gay and Lesbian Same Sex Marriage is a Civil Right :: Gay and Lesbian Marriage Must Be Legal

Interracial marriage is a topic that has been out of the national spot for quite some time because most race in the United States have grown to accept it. When the Supreme Court ruled for the right for couples to tie motleyly in 1967, they called the laws preventing interracial marriage nothing more than an attempt to maintain white supremacy (Stoddard 413). The conclusion of the United States Supreme court was that because laws against interracial marriage served no purpose other than discrimination, they should be eliminated. The modern gay rights movement has sparked a similar controversy among lawmakers The question of whether or not comparable sex marriages should be legal in the United States. In the aforementioned case, the Supreme Court ruled that marriage is one of the basic civil rights of man...and is necessity to the orderly pursuit of happiness (Stoddard 413). Despite this decision that has been standing for more than thirty years that clearly states that m arriage is a basic civil right, in that respect has been widespread controversy about same sex marriage. The opposition to this basic right has been met by opposition with weak arguments such as Citing Judeo/Christian romance saying that homosexuality is wrong saying that since same sex couples could not reproduce, they should not be allowed to marry the term same sex marriage is a contradiction in terms because the word marriage implies the union of a man and a woman. Amongst others, these are the fleeting arguments against same sex marriage. These are attempts of people who are trying to maintain a heterosexual supremacy, the very same ideal of white supremacy that the Supreme Court ruled was unconstitutional in 1967. Like the laws against interracial marriage once did, the laws that exist today against same sex marriage serve no purpose other than that of discrimination. These unjust laws should be abolished. The source of much of the discrimination against same sex marr iage is rooted in religious beliefs. It is almost impossible to hear a conservative pol talking about the subject of same sex marriage without a reference to The Bible. The infamous reference that has so many jumping at the throat of homosexual marriage is in the book of Leviticus, and it reads The Lord spoke to Moses, saying Speak to the Israelite people and say to them .

Community Values Essay -- Medicine College Admissions Essays

Community Values   Imani. Broken windows tutorshiplessly hidden by weather-tormented wood, chunks of bricks randomly sprawled across dry plots of grass and doors except hanging onto one hinge create the backdrop for a bright yellow sign with the Swahili word for faith painted in large loss letters. Old tires, pipes, waste material and junk cars are unfortunately not the only residents of the New Orleans housing project, as it initially appears. Without any warning, underneath all of the public health hazards small chocolate faces emerge with big smiles completely oblivious to their dangerous surroundings. Although their playground lacks a swing, monkey bars, slides or in time a hopscotch area these children continue to play with makeshift toys. Being outnumbered by junkyard waste forces them to create new games with the debris that coexists in their safe haven.   While aftermath this housing project, I realized the trigger for change lay deep within the heart of the co mmunity. I was also reminded of the words I heard during the mete out given at my high school graduation speech, a community can only be as strong as those who build it. Therefore, I joined Mobilization at Xavier, which created an outlet for me to share my excitement about learning wi... ...the remarkable mechanisms within the human body that work towards fighting come to this disease.   My future is centered on being a changing force in my community through the gift of medicine. A medical education ordain equip me with a powerful tool to improve health disparities in underserved communities. A physician is not solely a provider of medical care but a source of faith and a symbol of reassurance. Each activity I have been a part of has fostered and nourished my motivation towards worthy a part of a sector of society focused on renewing and maintaining strength within families, which are the core unit of a community.

American Fashion returns to the classics :: essays research papers

American fashion returns to the meres 4th March 2005 Preppy, the classic American fashion that defined the 1980s, has become the look for spring 2005. Trend-right dressing entrust include turned-up collars, argyle socks, layered polos...and, of course, penny loafers. Bass introduced the first penny loafer in 1936, naming it the "Weejun" after its Norwegian origin. The style quickly became an American classic. Penny loafers evolved into a symbol of "cool" in the 1950s and 60s, and celebrities like James Dean and Steve McQueen were spotted wearing them. They were again elevated to a must-have in the 1980s, cadaverous with white socks, during a resurgence of the preppy trend. Now that classic American style is again at the forefront of fashion, Bass has reintroduced its iconic Weejuns, with a modern twist. kind of of classic brown, the womens version now comes in a choice of pink, white or lime green For men, Bass squ ard the toe for a dressier approach. The trend, sometimes c whollyed "preppy," is driven by a general agreement that people are tired of "grunge" looks. Instead, they are turning to the clean, crisp fashion of Polo shirts, slacks and pleated skirts - all of which are loafer-friendly. Springs updated color palette of pink mixed with green and turquoise paired with white gives this classic style a fresh, modern appeal. Many high-end designers are capitalizing on this trend with their own versions of the penny loafer. Consistent with its heritage, authentic Bass penny loafers come with a realistic price tag - about $60 for womens and about $90 for mens. Bass penny loafers for both men and women are available at BassShoes.com and Famous Footwear. While they come in an array of pastels for women, the classic browns, burgundy and black remain the colors for men. Brown Shoe is a $1.9 billion footwear company with worldwide operations. The Company operates the 900-store Famous Footwear chain, which sells brand unwrap sho es for the family. It in like manner operates 400 Naturalizer stores in the U.S. and Canada that sell the Naturalizer brand of shoes and accessories. Brown Shoe, through its Wholesale divisions, owns and markets leading footwear brands including Naturalizer, LifeStride, Connie and Buster Brown it also markets licensed brands including Dr.

Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Sociopaths Brain Essay -- Diseas

A good looking man in an expensive suite walks past a woman on the subway whistle a catchy tune. Many thoughts begin to run through her head, Hes an important business man on his way to his next meeting. Or Hes a father on the way home from work. As he stops she watches him read a news paper thinking how attractive and self composed he is. In the back of her head shes wishing that he would speak to her. As she sits and hopes it seems that her wish is going to be answered. The young, attractive gentleman gets up and strides over taking the seat next to her. He introduces himself as Mr. Cromer and engages her in a charming conversation, sweeping her off her feet. In her head everything is going great, she has met the perfect man, only the while she hasnt noniced that he has lead her to the door of a warehouse. By the time she realizes where she is it is too late, he has her now. As she begins to scream he shoves her in the building ending all hope. Mr. Cromer actually suffers from a severe case of antisocial reputation disorder and has demonstrable a bad habit of abducting, raping and killing women followed by an ostentatious dinner often buying dinks and food for others in the restaurant or bar to which he leaves without every paying. Those who suffer from personality disorders testament not necessarily all become killers or rapists but most do participate in black activity of some sort. Antisocial personality disorder, also known as sociopathy or psychopathy, is often described as the person lacking any and all morals they pose no conscience. Often these individuals have difficulty or inability to feel empathy for others and as a result they do as they please, not conforming to social norms like the majority of the population... ...ey still commit count less crimes against society and fail to conform to any societal norms. Many perspectives have been trying to better explain what causes this disorder but the close we have gotten is correlation. Like w ith any disease there are multiple contributing factors so researchers need to take and eclectic approach and hopefully one day we will find a simple answer for this complex disorder that will lead to an effective treatment. Works CitedHaglin, R. P. & Whitbourne, S. K. (2010). Abnormal psychology clinical perspectives on psychological disorders. New York, NY McGraw-Hill.Moran, P. (1999). The epidemiology of antisocial personality disorder. Institute of Psychiatry, (34), 231-242.Ogloff, J. R. (2006). Psychopathy/antisocial personality disorder conundrum. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, (40), 519-528.

The Supernatural in Hamlet and Macbeth Essay -- GCSE English Literatur

The Supernatural in Hamlet and Macbeth In both Hamlet and Macbeth, the supernatural plays a very important role. Supernatural elements are crucial to the plot and they also have a more thematic lay out as well. Shakespeare presents the touching in Hamlet, and the witches and ghost in Macbeth, as disrupting elements that not only enhance drama, but also tear apart the existing order of things. They force the call character of each play to undergo their own internal struggle that grows from their insecurity of living up to the image of a man. First, let us gestate Hamlet. The presence of the supernatural takes center stage at the beginning with a dramatic dependance of the ghost of Hamlets father. Although the ghost does not speak, his presence is seen and already disrupts. It is in later in this first act where the ghost plays its first and most crucial part. In Scene V of act I, Hamlet and his fathers Ghost appear together and alone. The ghost says, A serpent stung me, s o the whole ear of Denmark/Is by a forged process of my death/Rankly abusd(I.v.36-38). The first disgorge of disrupting things (both Hamlets identity and Denmark) is planted here. The ghosts words make it clear that his murder was not only a crime against him, but also a crime against the land. The join of the play then unfolds from the actions and words of this ghost. Hamlets revenge against his uncle is certainly fueled by the ghosts words, but the ghost seems to serve a more subtle and internal part here. In the famous To be or not to be soliloquy (III.i.55-88), Hamlet makes it clear his is not only faint-hearted of what action to take, but unsure of himself as well. It seems his fathers aberration confuses Hamlet ... ...e serves as ghosts in the machine of the characters life. And it is that which really kills them or drives them to their death in the end. Works Cited and Consulted Bloom, Harold. Introduction. Modern Critical Interpretations Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. N ew York city Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 1-10. Bradley, A.C. The Witch Scenes in Macbeth. England in Literature. Ed. John Pfordesher, Gladys V. Veidemanis, and Helen McDonnell. Illinois Scott, Foresman, 1989. 232-233 Goldman, Michael. Critical Essays on Shakespeares Hamlet. Ed. David Scott Kaston. New York City Prentice Hall International. 1995. The Riverside Shakespeare Second Edition Houghtom Mifflin participation Boston/New York G. Blakemore Evans and J.J.M Tobin eds. Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Edited by Norman Sanders. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1984

Classical and Post-Classical Hollywood Cinema Essay -- History Hollywo

incorrupt and Post-Classical Hollywood CinemaINTRODUCTIONDuring the course of this essay it is my intention to discuss the differences between Classical Hollywood and post-Classical Hollywood. Although these terms appoint to theoretical movements of which they are not definitive it is my goal to show that they are applicable in a broad way to a cinema custom that dominated Hollywood production between 1916 and 1960 and which also pervaded Western Mainstream Cinema (Classical Hollywood or Classic Narrative Cinema) and to the movement and changes that came about following this term period (Post-Classical or New Hollywood). I intend to do this by first analysing and defining aspects of Classical Hollywood and having done that, examining post classical at which time the relationship between them will become evident. It is my intention to reference films from both movements and also published texts relative to the subject matter. In order to expand the structures involved I will be wr iting about the subjects of genre and genre transformation, the representation of gender, postmodernism and the relationship between style, form and content.Classical HollywoodClassical Hollywood is a tradition of methods and structures that were prominent American cinema between 1916 and 1960.Its heritage stems from earlier American cinema Melodrama and to theatrical melodrama before that. Its tradition lives on in mainstream Hollywood to this day. But what is it?Classic narrative cinema is what Bordwell, Staiger and Thompson (The classic Hollywood Cinema, capital of South Carolina University press 1985) 1, calls an excessively obvious cinema1 in which cinematic style serves to explain and not to obscure the narrative. In this way it is made up of motivated events that lead the spectator to its inevitable conclusion. It causes the spectator to pay off an emotional investment in this conclusion coming to pass which in turn makes the predictable the most desirable outcome. The films are structured to create an aureole of verisimilitude, which is to give a perception of reality. On closer inspection it they are often far from realistic in a social sense except possibly portray a realism desired by the patriarchal and family value orientated society of the time. I feel that it is often the black and white-hot representation of good and evil that creates such an atmosphere of predic... ... ed (BFI, 1990) we read contrary to all trendy journalism about the New Hollywood and the imagined outset of artistic freedom in American films, the New Hollywood remains as crass and commercial as the oldBibliography1.Bordwell, Staiger and Thompson (The classic Hollywood Cinema, Columbia University press 1985)2.Bordwell, Thompson Film Art, An Introduction ,7th ed (Mcgraw Hill, 2004)3.Pam Cooke(ed) The Cinema Book,1st ed (BFI, 1990)4.Susan Hayward Cinema Studies The Key Concepts(, Routledge, 1999)5. Jill Nelmes (ed) An introduction to film studies 3rd edition (Routeledge, 2003)FilmographyTOUCH OF EVIL (Orson Welles, USA, 1958)genus Dracula (Tod Browning, Universal, US, 1931)Doctor Jekyll and Mr Hyde (Rouben Mamoulian, Paramount, US, 1931)The War of the Worlds (Byron Haskin, Paramount, US, 1953)Invasion of the body snatchers (Don Siegel, Allied Artists, US, 1955)Psycho (Alfred Hitchcock, Shamley, US, 1960)Night of the Living Dead (George A. Romero, Image Ten, US 1968)The Shining (Stanley Kubrick, Warner, US 1980)Taxi number one wood (Martin Scorsese, Columbia, US, 1976)Blue velvet (David Lynch, De Laurentis, US, 1986)

Types of Organizational Chart

Businesses come in many different sizes and forms. Organizational charts argon used to visually summarize the structure of a business. By using charts to study the overview of a business structure, owners can analyze how effective operations run. By identifying bottlenecks and redundancies, organizations manipulate smoother operations and increased efficiencies. Organizational charts display businesses from different aspects depending on the nature of the business and the needs of the chart creators.When creating charts, it is essential to think ahead as to how the charts will be used, how they will be presented and to whom they are presented to. Hierarchical Hierarchical charts show the relationships between top and lower levels. These types of charts can show an organizations structure, key top-level personnel and areas or employees they are in charge of. Hierarchical charts show authority and can be effective in summarizing the chain of command and accountability within an org anization. Matrix Matrix charts display an organization as a group of teams with functions.Each calamity on the chart refers to the name of a team and its function or could display the team leaders name. In the latter case, each teams box breaks down into individual subteams of members and their subfunction. Flat Flat charts are used for companies that are owned, managed and operated with few employees. For instance, florists chrysanthemum and pop stores are horizontal or flat organizations because there are few levels between these working the front line and management. Employees in flat organizations are often involved in key decision-making for the company.Flat organizational structures can be presented as a triangle which shows the owner at the top followed by a middle level and buttocks level of departments. Geographic For very large companies with divisions dispersed throughout the world, a geographic organizational chart that shows the locations of divisions is beneficial. Typically, each box is used to display the division name, location and division head. The companys main headquarters is displayed on the top level with the other geographic locations given on the bottom level.

Education is Power

Education is the act or process of imparting or acquiring general experience, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life (dictionary. com). Power is the force to do or act capability of doing or accomplishing something (dictionary. com). In my own words upbringing is knowledge that you will need in your future for a better life, and power is the influence you have over others, whether dish outing them to do good or bad.I swear that pedagogy is the key to power because without the knowledge needed to learn how to control the power that you have then how would you be able to influence peoples lives? Education for a person does not only benefit the person but also the people around them. Whether it be their parents, spouses, children, or siblings, I accept one persons education can rub off on the people that they are around. The power that a person has to influence others is sincerely a great one, especially if that power is used for good, and those you usually have this power, most of the time, arent even aware that they possess it.Education is power because it gives people the ability to change their lives and the lives of others. Statistics show that around the world children who are born the educated mothers are little likely to be stinted or malnourished. Each additional socio-economic class of maternal education also reduces the child mortality rate be two percent (dosomething. org). This goes back to the example of a parents education influencing a childs life. In some countries around the world if a childs mother is educated then that child has a better chance of survival at life.Another statistic suggests that literacy rates in South America and Europe are among the highest with 90- 100 percent literacy. The African continent however, has areas with less than 50 percent literacy among children under the age of 18. Oprah Winfrey once said Education is the key to unl ocking the world, a passport to freedom. I think Oprah is one of the top supporters for education especially the education of women. This shows through the creation of her school in Africa.Young women in Africa need educational opportunities to prolong their lives. The more education that they acquire, the farther they can pulsate in their lives. I think Oprah would agree with the fact that education is power because of the opportunities that she has laid out to help young children get to the places they would like to be in their lives. In the end I believe that education is one of the most powerful instruments that any man or woman can have to help reduce inequality and start a process of economic growth for themselves and for their country.

Instructional Materials Essay

Social Studies throw out be define as a discipline in which we bed learn close to our world and mans interaction with his immediate and remote environment. Since Social Studies deals with how men interact with its brotherly and physical environments, how rat this interaction of physical and hearty environment be learnt by the pupils? This can be learnt in the classroom where larning and encyclopaedism can non be conducted by the instructor by merely odour his pupils with incidents and breeding. There is need to expose the pupils to change activities. The environment of the child is rich in varied resources.The teacher should utilize these varied resources to promote or stimulate learning among his pupils. Pupils learn positively non by hearing al integrity but by seeing and doing. How can the teacher stimulate the pupils liaison? This can be done by the put on of instructional materials. Instructional materials argon meant to stimulate pupils interest in the classr oom for pregnant learning to take place. They also afford the pupils the opportunity to make employment of more(prenominal) of their senses in the process of learning experiences which be not available in the classroom or crop environment, are brought to the classroom for pupils attention through the occasion of instructional materials. For example, the hold of the map of the world in belief about topics in well-disposed studies enables the teacher to bring to class these learning experiences. This is why instructional materials is said to be aids to learning sooner than direction.1.2. utilization OF THE STUDYThe study was planned mainly toa. Provide utilizationful information which will contribute in some ways to the improvement of the training of social studies in Nigeria uncreated schools through the effective use of instructional materials. b. Generate data that will help school administrators in their policy formation as regards the use of instructional materials in schools. c. Make available valuable information that will be helpful to educational technologist in their design of withdraw instructional materials for schools.1.3. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYNigeria is a potentially a great Nation. But for the Nation to fully attain the enviable position of greatness, her citizens must be dedicated honest, patriotic and hard pass watering. This is why the federal presidency of Nigeria is at present embarking on the end of re-branding the country with the theme, great Nation, good people. Educators come rightly place social studies as one subject that can help to make these lofty dreams of greatness a reality. Therefore, it cannot be overemphasizingd on the need to effectively teach this subject through the use of instructional materials. Here has the importance of this study.It will be expected that result of this study whitethorn be useful in the following ways a. Enabling social studies teacher to realize more than ever before the importa nce of the use of instructional materials while teaching oddly social studies. b. Providing more useful information for social studies teacher as regards the various instructional materials they can employ in teaching. c. Providing more useful information for prospective designs of instructional materials on the need to provide suitable instructional materials for use in schools.1.4. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMIt is the consensus among scholars in Nigerian that social studies is one subject that is crucial to the realization of the Nigeria dream of greatness. This is the reasons why social studies in one of the cone subjects at the first school and junior school levels. However, it seems the teaching and learning of the subject is hampered by the problem of neediness of in equal to(predicate) use of instructional materials. Therefore, the problem of this research is to look at the problems surrounding the use of instructional materials in the teaching of social studies in capital s chools. Specifically, this study has attempted to provide answers to the following research questions.1.5. query QUESTIONS1. Do primary school teachers use instructional materials while teaching social studies? 2. Are primary school social studies teachers aware of the benefits of using instructional materials in teaching? 3. Does the use of instructional materials in teaching have any impact on pupils performance in primary school social studies? 4. Could the non use of instructional materials in the teaching of social studies in primary schools be as a result of their being brusk? 5. What contribution does the use of instructional materials have on the teaching and learning of social studies?1.6. SCOPE OF THE STUDYThe scope of this research has been limited to some selected primary schools in Ibeju-Lekki Local Government Area of Lagos State. The project is to examine the impact of instructional materials in teaching of social studies in selected primary schools in Ibeju-Lekki Lo cal Government Areas. And also to know how learning can be stimulated in primary schools pupils. The limitation is due to financial and time constraint.1.7. DEFINITION OF TERMS1. SOCIAL STUDIES Social Studies can be defined as a study that equips learners with tools such(prenominal) as attitude, values and skills necessary in solving personal and community preserved problems. Social Studies is also a study of a man and his environment. It is also the study of many interactions with his physical and social environment. It is a study of how man lives in the society, what he does, how his life is unnatural by things, people as well as social practices somewhat him. 2. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS These are the resources used to facilitate teaching and learning.3. TEACHING This can be defined as the conscious and deliberate efforts by a matured or experienced person to impact association, information, skill, attitude and beliefs to an immature or little experienced person. Is also a sy stematic way of impacting knowledge on to the people. 4. ENVIRONMENT These are what we interact within our surroundings wishs highlands, lakes, rivers and vegetations e.t.c. 5. LEARNING Advanced knowledge gained by careful study. Is also a permanent changes in behavior due to past experiences. 6. FACILITATING Make learning easy without any difficulty7. soak These are what we cannot see in our surroundings 8. IMPACT The important or the value one devices from doing something 9. STIMULATING The art of reasoning quickly and thought and feeling CHAPTER TWO2.1. LITERATURE REVIEWThe art of teaching and learning involves the interaction of both the human and materials resources in a classroom setting. Since human beings are social animals and they cannot live in isolation, they have to socialize and interact among themselves and with environment. This brings us to the question What is Social Studies? Social Studies can be defined as study that equips learners with tools such as attitudes , values, skills necessary in solving personal and community related problems. Information and knowledge ga on that pointd from subscribeing books, journals, research works whitethorn fracture the area which have not been adequately researched into to us. Furthermore, reviews of literature sometimes provoke the urge to carry out a research based on what we read in the books or journal. precept and learning materials can be defined as any device piece of equipment, graphic representation, sound reproduction or illustration that helps the pupils to learn. Generally, instructional materials are used to reinforce and to amend the mastery of the subject matter.The roles of instructional materials have been of great importance to teaching in primary schools. According to Awosolu et al (1997), quoting Alani et al (1995) he said that since some pupils in primary schools are still very young, their intellectual abilities whitethorn not take into account abstract presentation in facts wi thout having to complement the content with concrete materials. It is in this regard that instructional materials are perceived as aids to learning rather than aid to teaching. Lawton and Dufour and Dahunsi (1979) classify social studies instructional materials in the following 1. PICTORIAL MATERIALS These include globes, maps, posters, flip and well charts diagrams. 2. PRINTED MATERIALS These include textbooks, reference books, supplementary books, work books, journals, newspapers and magazines. 3. BOARDS LIKE Chalkboard, Flannel or felt boards4. MECHANICAL AIDS These are audio-visual equipment and materials. Having known the various instructional materials, they serve as informationcarriers which are intentional specifically to fulfill objectives in a teaching learning situation. In fact, learning resources in social studies are multi various and limitless. Social studies by its character and content deals with the realities of men living in his complex environment. Hence, anythi ng has to do with mans behavior and interaction as a social behavior qualifies as an instructional materials in social studies.It is therefore possible to employ as many instructional materials as possible when teaching any topic in social studies because they help to stimulate pupils interest and reduce the numbers of verbal responses. A carve up has been written on the impact of instructional materials in teaching and learning of social studies. Agun (1988) asserts that many political program innovations like inquiry or problem solving method of instruction or learning how to learn may not be meaningfully and effectively use without the use of a wide variety of learning resource. Generally, instructional materials are used to reinforce and enrich the mastery of the subject matter.As a matter of fact, Durojaiye (1978) declared that there is a large number of failure due to the fact that teacher are not doing their work as conscientiously as they should. The critics feel that sch ools no longer offer true learning and creativity to their pupils. Supporting the vies of these critics. Popham (1971) feels that social studies teachers and curriculum designers in the schools do not make any significant impact on pupils due to the overlook of the use of instructional materials. According to Adusual (1982), instructional materials size could affect teachers effectiveness because, the smaller the shape the greater the degree of contact, and more effective the teaching and learning interaction. Assuming that there were adequate number of teaching aids it can be give to each of the pupils, therefore, the teaching of social studies without making use of instructional materials is not helping his pupils to learn.2.2. THE richness OF USING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALSIt is pertinent for teachers to become aware of the benefits that accrue from the utilization of instructional materials in order to intensity their efforts at achieving effective result in their teaching activ ities. Weaver and Bollinger (1949) identified the following favors 1. They attract and hold intention A verbal explanation become more effective in attracting and creating interest when supplemented by a visual aid.2. Instructional materials help retention of information and visual images. The major(ip) part of the things people heard are forgotten in a relatively short time and it becomes difficult to recall accurately what is heard. On the other hand, the things they see make a more lasting essence and they experience requireably less difficulty in calling the object or process with increased accuracy. 3. They help informing correct images People very much interpret information in term of their own background of experiences. Consequently, it is possible and quite probable for a group of learners to form entirely different ideas about the same things as a result of verbal description.The use of instructional materials helps to eliminate this inconsistency. 4. They assist in und erstanding proper relationships of components parts. 5. More of the benefits, teachers can imbibe when instructional materials are used in the teaching process According to Ogunmilade (1984) the ability it provides in the share of expertise, helping knowledge to reach a lot of people. Simultaneously preservation of records and documents. Bringing before us what otherwise could have looked imaginary or far-fetched enriching learning and allowing students to learn at their own rate. Furthermore, using of instructional materials makes teaching more effective and facilitates also to master the topic taught to the learner. Finally, using of instructional materials make learning easier and pleasurable at the same time nail down the learning process in the learners.2.3. PROBLEMS FACING THE USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN SCHOOLS In spite of the numerous benefits accruing from the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning situation its application in our schools has been d iscouraging because of the following process 1. Lack of Direction This is characterized by lip service, paid to use to educational technology in high quarter. Apart from the meager budgetary provisions often made by organizations for instructional materials, when it comes to implementation, the specie are hardly released. 2. Resistance to change on the part of the teachers.3. Lack of readiness of teaching staff to use audio-visual techniques and charge their methods and tools within the classroom. 4. Lack of insfrastructures and facilities that might make the use of instructional aid more meaningful such as lecture halls, audio-visual, libraries, studios, independent study spaces, audio-visual resource centre e.t.c. 5. Inadequate personnel or specialist to train users of instructional materials in schools. 6. Fear of failure in their use7. Fear that new technology would replace teachers.8. Inadequate instructional materials Since the inception of social studies programme, teachers have consistently complained about the problems of quality and quantity of instructional materials. The problem is traceable to lack of good textbooks, cost of textbooks, commercialization of materials, non-functional libraries and resources centres, gap between publication and dissemination of instructional materials, lack of quality control of textual materials and so on. In most cases, teachers rely on outdated and stereotyped textbooks which hardly reflect the call for of pupils.9. Lack of pedigree This is one of the big problems confronting teachers in general, and social studies teacher in particular. The problem here is lack of motivation and incessant agitation by teachers for improved circumstance of service. Thus, primary school teachers including social studies teachers have lost interest in teaching even though they are still called teachers. Those who have the slightest opportunity devote the classroom for greener pastures. The incessant replacement that follows su ch frequent resignations leads to lack of continuity in social studies classrooms. The pupils are usually the worse hit by this. Furthermore, funds are not available for the provision of instructional materials, thereby leaving teachers to either improvise or teach without any in majority of the cases. CHAPTER three3.0.RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThis chapter is concerned with the techniques used by the researcher in the collection of data for investigation. It covers explanation on the choice and description of instrument employed for the collection of data. Also included are the sampling techniques, method of administration of the questionnaire and the data analysis method.3.1.RESEARCH INSTRUMENTThe research instrument used for this study is the questionnaire. The choice of the questionnaire is because of its advantage of allowing respondents to answer questions without any outside influence such as facial appearance that may influence respondents as in the interview method. The questio nnaire used is in two parts. The first part deals with the personal data of the respondents while the second part contains ten statements which attempt to find out the impact of the use of instructional materials have in teaching social studies.3.2.SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUEThe sample of this study consists of 60 primary school teachers. The sample was chosen from five primary schools in Ibeju-Lekki Local Government Area of Lagos State. The sampling technique used in selecting the sample for the study was the systematic random sampling. The sampling technique removes twine in the selection of the elements, and it is convenient and more accurate than the random sampling.4.3. unofficial OF FINDINGS1. Most social studies teachers aware of the need for instructional materials in teaching of social studies. 2. Most primary schools have inadequate instructional materials in the teaching of social studies 3. Majority of the social studies teacher do not make use of instructional mater ials during their lesson 4. Most of the social studies teachers harmonize that the blackboard is one of the instructional materials which aid effective teaching of social studies. 5. Most of the teachers take their pupils on domain trips majority of social studies teachers use community resources like red objects and resources persons because they promote learning in social studies. Most social studies teachers do not have overhead projectors, audio-visual equipment which can promote learning in social studies. 6. Almost all the teachers of social studies said that inadequate equipment is one of the problems which they face. 7. Most social studies teachers agree that effective use of instructional materials contribute positively to learning process.4.4. DISCUSSIONFrom the research study most primary school teachers are aware of instructional materials for the teaching of social studies. This observation is consistent with the assertion of Nduanya (1986) that teachings are more eff ective when teachers locate and use appropriate resources. Furthermore, it is observed that most primary schools lack instructional materials be it concrete or abstract to teach social studies. This shows that most primary schools in Ibeju-Lekki Local Government either lack or have inadequate instructional materials for the teaching of social studies. From the research study, it can be observed that majority of social studies teachers do not make use of instructional materials during social studies lessons.This is as a result of inadequate instructional materials which is due to lack of fund to provide instructional materials. This findings agrees with Agun (1988) who asserts that many curriculum innovations like inquiring or problem solving method of instructional or learning how to learn may not be meaningful and effectively implemented without the use of a wide variety of learning research. In fact, it can be deduced from the research study that most social studies teachers make use of chalkboard as an instructional material which is most important aids to effective teaching. This implies that the chalkboard is one of the instructional materials that is the most available instructional materials in all school. There is no school which will have inadequate instructional materials and will not have a chalkboard.Indeed, the chalkboard as one of the instructional materials is commonly used by the teachers. This findings on the use of chalkboard agrees with Ajimoko (1973) Dahunsi (1979), Akanbi (1982) and Osofisan (1982) they said apart from the chalkboard, the textbook was the next most frequently used of the instructional materials. Consequently, from the findings it can be observed that majority of social studies teacher take their pupils out on field trips. Pupils are taking out on excursion to relate their experience with the theory they have been taught in the classroom.When pupils are taking out on field trips they learn more about their surroundings as the reputation of social studies and learning becomes more permanent in them. From the findings it shows that majority of social studies teachers makes use of resources centres. This indicates that pupils need to be taken out of the classroom to appreciate the fact that learning does not end within the premises of the classroom. When pupils go out, they need to be trained to observe event and learn without the teacher being around them. This finding agrees with Preston and Herman (1981). These resource centres become social studies laboratory in which pupils becomes young social scientists. From the research study, it can be deducted that most social studies teachers do not make use of audio-visual materials because they dont have them. This finding agrees with Akibote (1983) on the very limited uses of electronic materials in school within Ondo Local Government Area.This is as a result of the teachers inabilities to manipulate any of the equipment since they do not have teacher t raining. Another related problem may be due to lack of electricity because majority of the schools do not have electricity. Another finding of the study deduced that in teaching of social studies, inadequate equipment is one of the problems faced by social studies teachers. This implies that some social studies lessons are done in abstract. So, effective learning cannot be facilitated. This negative effect may be as a result of lack of funds to provide adequate instructional materials in schools and teachers are not ready to improve because of their salaries are very inadequate.The results also shown that most of the social studies teachers agrees that most of the social studies teachers agrees that the effective use of instructional materials combine positively to learning process. The effect is that when instructional materials are effectively used, they facilitate learning and stimulate pupils interest. They also make theirlessons more interesting and relief the pupils from the b urden of tiredness while learning. CHAPTER cardinalSUMMARY, SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of instructional materials in the teaching of social studies in primary schools. In this chapter, the summary of the major findings will be highlighted. The discussion will also include suggestions for policy making and areas where future research on the topic may be directed.5.1. SUMMARYOne of the major findings of this research is that most social studies teachers agreed on the importance of teaching the subject with instructional materials. Another outcome of this project is that there are inadequate instructional materials for teaching social studies in primary schools. So many instances, teaching is done without instructional materials. It was also revealed from the research that the chalkboard that is always available in schools is one of the instructional materials which aids the effective teaching of social studies. This study also reveals that although most primary schools do not have audio-visual aids, social studies teachers compensate for this by making use of real objects, resource persons and by taking their pupils on field trips. Finally, from this research, it was revealed that the use of instructional materials in teaching social studies contribute positively to the learning of the subject5.2. SUGGESTIONSAlthough this study has not claimed to be complete, some suggestions based on its findings could be made on how to improve the teaching of social studies in primary schools through the effective use of instructional materials. In the first place, because of the importance of instructional materials in the teaching and learning of social studies in primary schools, the various ministries of education and school boards in the country should ensure that adequate instructional materials are supplied to primary schools.Secondly, the government should ensure that there is regular s upply of electricity and schools in the villages that lack electricity should be provided with generators. This will enable the schools to make use of audio-visual aids such as television, projector and VCD. Thirdly, regular workshops and seminars should be organized by the various school boards for primary school teachers on how to make simple instructional materials and on the use of the various instructional materials. Finally, inspectors of education should constantly visit schools to ensure that the instructional materials available are judiciously used by teachers for teaching.5.3. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIESLike with most researches, this study cannot claim to have exhausted all that is to be said on the use of instructional materials in teaching social studies in primary schools. Instead, this survey should be regarded as a guide for further research.Therefore, as regards the future, this researcher suggests some specific projects. First of all, a further investigati on should be carried out to find out how use of instructional materials or lack of this affects pupils academic performance in social studies. In addition, social studies teacher should consider the instructional materials when teaching social studies at the same time there is need for education technology practitioners to write texts more relevant to Nigeria situation and needs such texts should contain model and samples of instructional materials and the procedure for making them by individual teachers. Furthermore, there should be a study on the suitability or otherwise of the available instructional materials that are being used in teaching social studies in primary schools.DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCESADENIRAN OGUNSANYA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, EPE CAMPUS, EPE.RESEARCH PROJECT 2013QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE IMPACT OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON THE TEACHING OF SOCIAL STUDIES IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN IBEJU-LEKKI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATEREFERENCESAlani, R.A Oduyemi, O .G and Agagu A.A. (1995) Teaching Aids Reading in Subject Methodology Ijebu-Ode, Olaf Association, Page 29-34. Awosolu, E.O. and Fasasi A.K.(1996) Teachers use of Instructional materials in Primary Social Studies in Epe capital The Beagle, diary of Primary Education,, Vol. 1 and 2, page 71-77. Awosolu, E.O. and Fasasi A.K. (1996) Teachers use of Instructional Materials in Primary Social Studies in Epe Metropolis quoting Agun 1988, Nduanya 1986, Imogie 1988, Alani et al 1995, Dufour and Dahunsi 1979, Ajimoko 1973, Preston and Herman 1981, Akibote 1983, Akanbi 1982, and Osofisan 1982 in the Beagle, Journal of Primary Education, Vol 1 and 2, page 71 77. Olowoye, B. (1996) Principle and Method of Teachings. Ibadan, Afolabi Press Limited Page 107 120Osunkalu, A.S. (1973) Instructional Media quoting Adesina 1982, Durojaiye 1978Welberg 1970, Nwaogu 1980 and Pophas 1971 in a Journal of Teachers Guide Vol. 2 page 21 26.View as multi-pages

Netflix Case Study Essay

Comp either OverviewThe idea behind Netflix, the near popular provider of online and by- air rental serve, came from an unsatisfied, embarrassed node. reed instrument Hastings, crumble and current CEO of Netflix, was charged 40$ as a late fee because he returned the ikon Appolo13 six weeks late (Zarafshar, 2013). This made him think creatively healthful-nigh an idea to transform the movie rental model into a much than than innovative business. In 1997, Hastings and Randolph started Netflix which was a videodisk rental-by-mail business with no subscriptions. Later in 1999, and as a step further towards developing the business, Hastings launched the subscription-based business model which was based unless on renting videodiscs by mail with multiple plans dependent on the be of titles at a time. Netflix offered its subscribers to choose from its extensive DVD library with much than 120,000 titles for unlimited monthly DVD rental with free rapture as sound as zero late an d per title rental fees. It was in truth attractive for guests to make subscriptions on the agnize as they were tempted with the incredible Netflix serve well. For example, Blockbuster subscribers found Netflixs offers much appealing and it was easy for them to make the switch. (Wikipedia, 2014) Netflix has been always open to impertinently opportunities that Hastings believes it leave halt the comp whatsoevers competitive benefit.A sweet opportunity was graveld when the be adrift service was introduced in January 2007 where it enabled Netflixs subscribers to instantly watch movies, TV-episodes, documentaries, series and much more on net profit-connected devices such as refreshful TVs, PCs, DVRs, Blu-Ray doers and special Netflix players. During that time, Netflix was leading the assiduity as it was the first smart set to offer paid cyclosisservices to its subscribers in US, Canada and Latin America. Today, Netflix is known as the largest provider of online b lowl y service with almost 44 million subscribers in more than 40 countries offered access to an ever-growing library of thousands of titles. (Netflix PR, 2014) Netflix executives were smashing to devise flexible strategies accompanied by a profitable business model that gave them sustainable competitive advantages over their rivals. They constantly monitor their external surroundings and do the required reclaimments quickly and swiftly to leverage the emerging opportunities and tackle the upcoming flagellums. Strategies ranging from growing its library satisfy, service differentiation, very competitive DVD-by-Mail service, ridiculous market place plan and ambitious international expansion totally made Netflix a leader in its industry.However, Netflix isnt the only player in the DVD-rental and blow services market. Blockbuster and Redbox argon one of the some(prenominal) competitors in the DVD-rental market that use different competitive models to outcompete Netflixs. Hulu P lus, Amazon and HBO GO watch fueled the competition in the streaming service market. They all compete on acquiring more titles to expand their libraries and try to offer the best subscription plans in wander to get more market sh ar. Having this in mind, what should Netflix do next in order to outperform its competitors and sustain its competitive advantage.External Environment AnalysisMacro EnvironmentWe volition start our assessment of the external environment by examining the PESTEL factors in the Macro (General) Environment of the movie renting industry.Political FactorsNet move neutrality is the principle that preserve the internet to remain free and open for all users. It defends against discrimination of the internet use based on the satiate or website services (Ala, 2014). Major net in keep an eye on Service Providers (ISPs) would bid to charge a confederacy ilk Netflix more bullion because its website of online movie streaming is eating a lot of their internet ba ndwidth. According to the broadband internet service tracking besotted Sandvine, Netflix alone is consuming 32.3% of the downstream traffic in North America, much more than whatever other site or service. (Protalinski, 2013) Major ISPs may well contemplate the idea of blocking Netflix from their service to release all that traffic or they efficacy take in increased internet subscription fees from Netflix to continue hosting their website this would be a disaster for Netflix who is facing increasing core obligation costs and if ISPs opted for that step, they ordain have no other choice other than increasing the monthly fees of their streaming service which will definitely not come to the delight of their customers.All of this is against the Net Neutrality rule, which states that all internet users will be under the same conditions to get space on the net whatever their website or content, is. The possibility of regulations designed to principle the neutrality of the Internet h as been subject to fierce debate, especially in the United States (Internet Cleaner, 2013) In an interview (Netflix Investor Relations, 2014), Reed Hastings says he is not concerned with the threat that ISPs capacity block Netflix since it will fuel the fire for more regulation and no one is interested in this.Environmental FactorsHistorically, the video rental industry was built on the idea of reusing the same stuff by different multitude over and over again and this notion is environment-friendly. Moreover, switching to the soft copies of media and streaming it by means of the internet reduces energy consumption and pollution levels delinquent to a decrease in delivering DVDs by mail and withal less manufacturing of DVDs.Socio-Cultural FactorsPeople be expected to watch movies or play video games when they have more lei authorized time. However nowadays, many people are having 2 jobs to support their families which basically means less leisure time and less watch movies. In workition to that, people are now becoming more convenient watching movies at their homes instead of going out to the theaters since it is cheaper, less time consuming and is ideal afterward having a long tiring day this emerging mode will boost the volume of the streaming media subscriptions. Moreover, the rapid acceptance of the society for technical advancements greatly benefits the online movie rental industry, this is particularly correct due to the risingborn educational and pedagogical organisations that stress more on computer learning making people more convenient when dealing with applied science.Technological FactorsThe rapid technological advancements and harvestingion of electronic products such as Blu-ray DVD players, Video game consoles, smart phones, smart TVs and many other devices that quite a little connect to the internet, made the concept of online rental and video streaming easier and more adaptable. As the internet services are becoming more popul ar and an authoritative ingredient in peoples daily life, companies alike(p) Netflix will be able to increase its operations especially in the video streaming service. Therefore, the advancement in engineering science is an opportunity and enabler for the industry as a whole. 4K streaming is a new high school- feature video technology that reduces compression rate and buzz offs output in 4K/Ultra HD format. (Burns, 2014) Netflix started offering some of its content in this format, which signals their aim to go side by side with technological advancement. Of course, to be able to stream at this high resolution, you adopt to have a super speed internet (40-50 Mbps) so people now have a reason to upgrade and it means more profits to the ISPs. (Netflix Investor Relations, 2014)Economic FactorsThe industry depends on the consumers spending power and real income, which is tinted by employment rate, interest rate, tax rate and inflation rate. When consumers have more money, spendin g on entertainment facilities rises and this is an opportunity for the industry. On the other hand, the spending power of households normally decrease in recession periods, so they will credibly tend to sacrifice the theater ticket and may well reward themselves with some older movies available on streaming services such as Netflixs.Legal FactorsThere is a considerable potential for legal actions to be inquiren against companies operating in this industry, actions related to the use of licensed material and customers privateness issues. Moreover, any company that operates in the international market should study well the rules and regulations specific to that market or else it will shortly fall in bother or drift off valuable opportunities. Some legal actions might have a positive impact on companies in this industry such as the amendment of the VPPA law discussed earlier. On the other hand, Netflix had some hard times in 2010 with lawsuits pertaining to privacy issues when an ac ademic re attend suggested it exposed the movie preferences of its customers for the programmers whoparticipated in the Netflix prize to produce a better trisolelye algorithm. (Buley, 2010) The issue was later resolved and Netflix peckcelled the sequel Netflix Prize II competition.Competitive EnvironmentIn order to take in nature and strength of the competitor pressures in the movie rental industry Netflix is operating in, we use Porters five forces model of competition.Bargaining designer of CustomersIn the streaming market, customers have a high bargaining power the reason behind this is that people are very well informed about other companies which are in the same line of business as Netflix. Customers are always in search for a better deal because buyers are very determine sensitive when it comes to the video rental industry and they are always looking for the best quality, so they will leave Netflix as concisely as a better offer is available since there is no switching c ost. Customers always expect product differentiation, and if Netflix does not cede it customers this modification, they will hardly leave.Bargaining Power of SuppliersBargaining power of suppliers is very high Netflix relies on getting exclusive rights to certain television shows and movies so suppliers play a very big role in bargaining over what content is exclusively reserved for Netflix users. Also, there are only a consequence of studios who supply the movies and shows. some other reason bargaining power of suppliers is high is that Netflix can only get its content from those studios and there is no substitute for that content, also contracts with those studios are usually for a short period of time (1-3 years) and expensive a good example of this is when Netflix was unable to renew its contract with Starz because they were demanding a much larger amount of money $300 million instead of the $30 million paid in 2008. (Kafka, 2011)Threat of New EntrantsAlthough entering the online movie rental industry needinesss a huge initial investment to get content and secure exclusive copyrights, we can say that the threat of new entrants is moderately high since it remains a growing market with a growing demand, and huge rich companies like Apple and Google may be tempted by its growth potential and might well enter the play stagewith generous budgets and also the low exit costs in this market make this threat high. simply in order to be profitable in this industry, companies need to achieve economies of scale and try it best to have a large volume of subscribers, which in Netflixs guinea pig is how they achieve profitability, and also to have a large morsel of viewers if it is a VOD company.Threat of SubstitutesThe threat of substitutes is relatively high since substitutes are available, such as Blockbuster On demand, Amazon Prime Instant Video and many other VOD streaming media. Rather than having a subscription of unlimited views, customers can switch to a pay per view option. Another reason is that there is no switching cost. In addition to that, the charges of substitutes are convenient and low which makes it relatively easy to switch. Customers might also choose to switch because companies working on a VOD bases have better features such as making certain television shows and movies available indoors a few hours of airing them on T.V, unlike Netflix where customers need to wait a few months.Intensity of Competitive RivalryCompetition is very high in the video rental industry Netflix has many current competitors which include Blockbuster on demand, Amazon, Apple, Hulu Plus and many others. Also Netflix has to keep scanning the environment for new competitors since it is easy for new rivals to enter the market for there are low barriers to market entry and exit. Netflix must fear its competitors because they can easily lose customers to them since switching cost is very low and they have no faithfulness programs to make it hard er for customers to leave.VRIO AnalysisNetflixs top resources can be listed as follows1. The variety and big selection of titles (comprehensive library of movies and TV-episodes)2. The unique package for streaming and testimonial3. Nationwide distribution network4. CEO Reed HastingsResources must have enough competitive potential for the organization to outcompete its rivals. By applying the VRIO framework (see table 1), one ofthe best strategic tools to evaluate the firms resources, Netflix is shown to be at a moderate sustainable position. Providing its subscribers a wide selection of titles has been always Netflixs primary scheme. During the year 2012, its library has reached over 120,000 DVD-titles and more than 30,000 titles ready for streaming (Wikipedia, 2014). This extensive library is definitely valuable for Netflix to attract more subscribers to watch from a wide variety of titles. Moreover, this resource is rare as not all competitors are able to offer its customers a huge number of titles for both DVD-rental and streaming services. However, such a comprehensive library is not very hard to imitate. Apple and Amazon, for example, are constantly working hard to gain license agreements to acquire new content and grow their library of titles.An obvious example on this is when Amazon won over Netflix and secured the streaming rights of the whole 8 seasons of Foxs award winning series 24 (Cantisano, 2014). Netflix has shown to be nonionized to capture the survey of its library by making it available for its subscribers when using both services. Thus, having a big selection of titles places Netflix at a sustainable competitive advantage as long as no competitor grows a more extensive library. Otherwise, it will become easy for Netflix subscribers to switch to some other company that offers wider selection. Netflix had well developed and easy-to-use software that provides titles testimonys for each subscriber based on personalized ratings. This reso urce is an added range to Netflixs business because it became convenient for subscribers to quickly view movies they like or place them on instant queue for watching them later. (Netflix, 2014) Netflix announced a 1 million-dollar competition to challenge programmers to create an algorithm that can puzzle its Cinematch system by at least 10% of enhanced accuracy (Netflixprize, 2009). In 2009, three teams of talented programmers combined forces and developed that algorithm and Netflixs system was given a major boost. Since the software is customized only for Netflix and consists of complicated algorithms, such a resource is considered rare.Although Netflix had set the bars high for its rivals, another company can call for a competition or hire top programmers to develop their own software that may beat that of Netflixs. There is always room for improvement, and for that reason, this software can be imitated. Nevertheless, Netflix is continuously prepared to capture the value out of its smart software and make the bestuse of it. As a result, the pressation software positions Netflix on a sustainable competitive advantage as long as no competitor develops similar or improved software. For its DVD-by mail service, Netflix had largely invested in developing its nationwide distribution network by establishing as much distribution centers as possible. Their strategy is to provide customers with the fastest shipping service by delivering ordered DVDs within one business day. This is of a big value for customers who used to wait several days to obtain a DVD. To make it more effective and efficient, Netflix utilizes a distribution network system (logistics system) that saves a lot of time looking for the closest center that has the ordered DVD in stock.The combination of wide-spread distribution centers and effective logistics software makes it a rare resource. Its tranquillize almost impossible for competitors, such as Blockbusters, to deliver any of its DVDs wit hin 1 business day. Furthermore, its difficult to have a large number of shipping points close to every home. Therefore, this resource is considerably inimitable. Obviously, Netflix is doing a great job in regards to quick delivery. It has promised its customer to ship DVDs anywhere within 1 business day. Today, by effectively employing the distribution network system, the company leveraged its capability to reach 98% of its subscribers. Hence, Netflix is organized properly to capture the value of their distribution centers. It is worth noting that although this resource gives them an sustainable competitive advantage, the demand on this figure of service (DVDs sent by mail) is on a continuous decline, and the service might completely vanish in the next few years. Last but not least, Netflixs CEO, President and co-founder Reed Hastings is considered one of the firms most valuable resources. In the most difficult times, this innovative and aerial man knew what he was doing and didn t lose the focalisation. His vision was very clear since the very beginning back in 1997 when he named the company Net-flix and not DVD-by-Mail (Fortune, 2009) he saw what the industry will be like in the future and believed in the powers of the internet. an intangible asset, as we are interested in his vision, education, expertise, know-hows, innovation and skills, is considered a valuable one.If you take a quick glance on what has happened in the past few years, youll find it clear how such influential people affect their organizations in every aspect. For example, when Steve Jobs died, Applesstock price went down by 5% immediately (Kollewe,2011) which shows you how people believed that the tremendous success Apple had in the past few years was directly linked to the innovative out-of-the-box thinking of their ex-CEO, and future manifestations showed that that was extremely true. So these brilliant executives are so valuable to their firms and they are also rare. Blockbusters ex- CEO Jim Keyes had the chance to buy Netflix in year 2000 for as little as 50 million dollars (now its worth more than 20 billion dollars), but he was so arrogant and refused to give any recognition for Netflixs success claiming his firm can easily do anything Netflix does. (Zarafshar, 2013) Failing to see the opportunities, combined with many wrong assessments of the external environment led to the bankruptcy of Blockbuster in 2011. Many analysts were actually quite sure that Netflix will be sold after the 2011 missteps that caused the stock price to fall by about 80% however, at that same exact time Reed Hastings was confident and quite sure that Netflix will not only survive but flourish (Morrissey, 2013).Those same analysts didnt see, at that time, anything of a value in Netflix other than its CEO, who previously one the CEO of the year 2010 award (Hartung, 2013) and whom they had great respect for (Morrissey, 2013) and indeed he was able to turn on his company and return it bac k to the list of the most successful companies in the world and the stock prices went up by more than 700% between 2011 and 2014 (Google Finance, 2014) In an interview, Hastings excellent that he doesnt see his firm just competing with the other companies in the media-entertainment industry, but he believes to be competing with all companies that offer any kind of product or service that a person can jazz during his leisure time, whether it is a soccer match, a newspaper, a video game or so far hiking with friends or family (Netflix Investor Relations, 2014). This gives you an idea of the high mindset of this man which explains the success his company is now enjoying. Such a resource is hard to imitate as they usually come through the hierarchy of the same company thats what explains their full understanding of the industry theyre working in and the core competences of their firms. Just despicable one brilliant CEO from one company to your company doesnt guarantee you any succes s at all since many complex factors take action in the whole mix-up. Proceeding from here, it is obvious that this resource is organized to capture value for the firm.By setting thestrategies and adjusting them whenever and wherever needed depending on the dynamical environment, Mr. Hastings is the captain who controls the helm to take Netflix to the island of success. Therefore, this resource gives Netflix a sustainable competitive advantage as long as hes on the helm. In the future, will Netflix face the same difficulties Apple faced after their CEO was de arrestd?RESOURCEValuableRareInimitableIs the company organized to capture the value of the resource? Competitive PotentialBig Selection of TitlesYESYESNOYESSustainable/Temporary CATitle Recommendation SoftwareYESYESNOYESSustainable/Temporary CANationwide Distribution NetworkYESYESYESYESSustainable Competitive returnsCEO Reed HastingsYESYESYESYESSustainable Competitive favorTable Conducting VRIO analysis on Netflix top resour cesNetflixs Competitive StrengthThe Netflix StrategyNetflixs strategy so far hasnt been to just focus on one or two aspects of their customer base, but to focus themselves in a number of directions in order to build upon and capitalize on a growing subscriber base. Their main strategy has been to build and maintain the most comprehensive selection of DVD titles in the industry, and they have done so by creating mutually beneficial relationships with a number of entertainment video providers. Their second main strategy has been focused on service differentiation- not only how customers receive content and consume it, but also how customers choose what to watch. Netflixs number one competitive advantage over Amazon and Blockbuster is their unique software that takes what a customer has seen or rated, and based upon that information builds a list of suggested titles similar to ones they have just watched. While other companies had begun to leak into the rent-by-mail break category tha t Netflix had started, no other company had customer profiling software quite like Netflix. Between 2006 and 2009, the film rental market underwent a major shift. The in-store rental market declined, while vending machine rentals increased and by-mail rentals n untimely doubled. However, VOD (Video on acquire) services through cable, digital, and subscription also saw major increases.All of these changes meant companies like Blockbuster had to either restructure and make a complete business model shift or face bankruptcy. Meanwhile, the increases in by-mail rentals and online subscriptions, two services that Netflix offered, meant that the number of Netflix subscribers more than doubled in that same time frame. Purchase decisions from customers were focused on convenient access, price, variety of DVD offerings, and ease of return/return fees. Customers like variety a video rental store that only stocks the newest releases will not appeal to all markets. Increasingly, customers are becoming more nostalgic in their movie preferences, searching for titles long past premiere. Customers have also become increasingly busy, often not having the time to go to a store to plectrum out a movie or remembering to return their rentals on time. We live in a world of instant gratification, where being able to imbue a few buttons and watch the latestmovie or an old classic is extremely important. Customers also do not like fees. More and more companies today are offering free shipping/return shipping, and the same is true in the DVD rental industry. Netflixs third main strategy was to attract more subscribers using multiple marketing channels including online advertising, radio stations, regional and national television, direct mail, and print ads. One of these marketing strategies included fighting(a) in a variety of cooperative advertising programs with studios through which Netflix received cash for featuring a studios movies in its advertising.Moreover, Netflix worked closely with the makers of Netflix-ready electronics devices to expand the number of devices on which Netflix subscribers could view Netflix-streamed content (Thompson, 2012). This is considered Netflixs second competitive advantage because it got ahead competitors by being the first to market with next-generation products. By 2012, with the aid of new technology, Netflix added another core strategy which was to grow its streaming subscription business domestically and globally. By doing so, executives expected that the number of members with DVD-by mail subscription would decline, as subscribers migrated from renting DVDs to streaming online and as subscribers with both DVD-by mail and streaming subscriptions opted to only streaming online. The company continuously improved its streaming experience by expanding the size of its content library, increasing the number of Internet-connected devices, and improving the ease of navigating Netflixs website of locating and selecting conten t to watch. The result was a rapid growing customer acceptance and interest in the delivery of TV shows and movies directly over the Internet.Finally, a central element of Netflixs long-term strategy was making Netflixs streaming service available outside the US, in countries like Canada, Latin America, the UK and Ireland. (Thompson, 2012) Although this international expansion was expected to temporarily depress the companys overall profitability and incur huge expenses of obtaining licenses from movie studios and owners of TV shows, Netflixs entry into such markets would launch a preemptive strike to secure an advantageous position of being market leaders with high-quality suppliers via exclusive partnerships or long-term contracts (Thompson, Peteraf, Gamble, Strickland, 2014). We have to win the bidding for a big set of content, and then market ourselves effectively to start the membership growth (Seave, 2013). Howlong it takes for such a bold move to yield good results was not a major issue because Reed Hastings indicated that Netflix would take longer than eight quarter after initial entry to reach sustained profitability.How Does Its Competitive Strength Compare Against That of Blockbuster and Amazon Compared with Blockbuster and Amazon, Netflix operates within the highly competitive media streaming market that has been forecasted to increase to $12.5 billion in 2017 (Bauman, Deal, Ishak, & Johnson, 2013). Netflix by far has the most comprehensive number of products and distribution channels, given that consumers can either rent DVDs by mail or stream them on their PC or TV. Its identity is valued greatly among consumers as a quick, easy, and available destination for streaming media. Additionally, the value of their brand has risen recently after the strong media attention for the success of its first original series, House of Cards. When it comes to competitors, Netflixs main competitors were Amazon and Blockbuster. Operating as Amazon Prime Instant Vi deo, it has three main advantages over Netflix it offers subscription as a prime member for $79 a year which is $6.59/month, less than Netflixs streaming price of $7.99/month, subscribers get free 2-day shipping on millions of items and its users can buy or rent a movie/show just after a few hours of it being broadcasted on TV, while Netflix subscribers needed to wait a few months in order to view the same movie or show (McGrath,2014). However, Netflixs competitive advantage over Amazon is its library which has more variety and includes original content, thus making their library comprehensive in the streaming market.They also offer all their content to their subscribers for streaming through a very user friendly personalized interface and effective recommendation system that boosts the watching experience in comparison, Amazons Prime Instant Video library have less categories and less straightforward search results, plus a significant portion of their online content cannot be strea med for free, you have to pay additional money to watch certain shows or movies. (Honorof, 2014) Blockbusters strategy was to keep expanding geographically by opening new stores in different locations, rather than switching to online streaming, thinking it would increase their market share. But due to the rise in competition from Netflix and Amazon, the company filed for bankruptcy in 2010 and in January of 2014 they permanently closed all their stores and only operated through Blockbuster On Demand on a pay per rentalbases and operated only in the US (Netflix Alternative, 2013). The competitive advantage Netflix had over Blockbuster is the number of titles they offered.Because Netflix did not operate from a physical store, it made it possible to store thousands of titles, both old movies and movies which were on high demand, and thus satisfying the preferences of much more customers than Blockbuster. Blockbuster was restricted in the amount and titles they had to offer in their sto res because of its limited storage space. Another advantage was convenience. Netflix made it very convenient for customers to get their DVDs without having to leave the house and having unlimited videos on a subscription basis without late fees, all of which are things Blockbuster lacked. With all this said, it is obvious that Netflix used offensive strategies that helped it build its reputation as a market leader and created a strong brand loyalty by binding customers to its service. As a first mover, Netflix was able to move down the learning switch off ahead of rivals, so it now knows exactly what customers are expecting and learned a hard lesson not to do sudden strategic changes as it did in 2011 missteps of price changes and split of service. As a first mover also, Netflix was able to set the technical standard for the industry by adopting the advance streaming player and recommendation program that customers now cant imagine accessing huge movie libraries without it, and Ne tflix is ahead of its rivals in this and its building it over time.Back in its early stage of existence, Netflix had no chance to compete traditionally with the giant Blockbuster, so it chose a special kind of offensive strategy called The Blue-Ocean Strategy which dictates that a firm can gain a dramatic and durable competitive advantage by abandoning efforts to beat out competitors in existing markets and instead inventing a new industry or distinctive market segment that renders existing competitors largely irrelevant and allows a company to create and capture altogether new demand (Thompson, Peteraf, Gamble, Strickland, 2014) This is exactly what Netflix did as it didnt go into the block and mortar business but focused from the very beginning on growing its online library and achieving its most important strategy back then which is to deliver DVDs by mail within one business day. This created a new segment of customers for its service and factors in the external environment star ted changing to its advantage which shows that Hastings and his team where correct in reading their externalenvironment. Then in 2007 they started their streaming service which is also an offensive strategy that positioned Netflix far ahead of its competitors.RecommendationsThe past few years have shown how volatile the stock price of Netflix was as it fluctuated between as low as 53 dollars in 2012 to as high as 448 dollars in March 2014 (Google Finance, 2014). This is an indication that Netflix is operating in a very fast moving industry where innovation and continuous improvement are the keys for survival. Consequently, as professional consultants, we advise Netflix executives to learn from what has happened in the past and put new strategies or amend existing ones to tackle the future probable recurrence of the problems they have faced in the past few years. One of the major competitive advantages of Netflix over its rivals in the industry is having this huge and varied collect ion of title selections in its offering. First we advise them to convert all their DVD-version content, which is not available for streaming, to soft stream-able versions as statistics showed more customers are leaving the DVD-by-mail plan and registering for the more convenient trendy streaming service (Roettgers, 2013). Maintaining an increasing selection of title offering is vital in this respect, as in such an entertainment industry, we dont see loyalty in customers as decreed by Marketing gurus what we mean by this is, if another rival had a similar service with a richer content, many customers will switch with the blink of an eye. Thats why we are stressing on this point as it is a key for survival.Accordingly, Netflix should opt to create strategic alliances and cooperative partnerships with many movie studios to maintain its database of titles retaining existing ones and adding new collections, and negotiating to reduce the wait time for streaming movies after they are out in the theaters. This will definitely create value to the customers, but Netflixs harder job is how to create value for those suppliers, that is, how to convince them to add their productions in the Netflix service. This can be done by creating a win-win model that will persuade those studios to choose Netflix over other rivals, and hence can be achieved by highlighting a set of advantages theyll get from the deal. An example of such an advantage, is to have the studios work available not only in US, but in all the 41 countries Netflix currently operates in, andmaybe make it available in local languages this will increase the popularity of the studios work internationally and will basically mean more profits for future go through releases. Catching up from this last point, it is vital for Netflix to find new smart ways to continuously increase their subscription base. By the end of Q1 2014, the number of subscribers went up to 33 million US subscribers and 11 million international subscribers (Welch, 2014).More subscribers just mean more annual income which will lead to the ability to get richer content to their offering, which will in return link more customers in. This recursive stave is so prominent and can be triggered by some smart tactics, to initially get more customers. Lowering the subscription price might lure many potential customers to register, but is not advisable to do that since the profit margin of the streaming service is already narrow (Roettgers, 2013). On the other hand, increasing the price of subscriptions is also risky and the crazy chaos that happened in 2011 will remain unforgettable. Hence, Netflix executives should devise new innovative ways to increase the value proposition of their service that will increase their customer base and enhance their reputation as a market leader. This can be achieved, for example, by doing the exact opposite of what they did in their 2011 missteps. What happened back then was to increase the price of their service for the same quality they offered so lets now try to increase the service quality holding the price fixed. One way of doing that, is to diversify their content for example to start providing Live programs such as Sports events and News. This addition will get-in new customer segments not only those who love to watch movies and TV series. So, if Netflix was able to secure the online broadcasting rights for a major soccer league matches, for example, and broadcasting Live CNN news, their customer base will be more fragmented and they will be moving in the direction of being an Internet TV provider with a variety of shows that suites all the different categories of viewers.Another technique to increase the quality of their service is to enhance their GUI (graphical user interface) by creating a new advanced online player for streaming media that can detect voice commands sent from the embedded microphone of the clients personal gadget (laptop, Smartphone, tablet, etc) , analyze those commands and perform actions accordingly. For instance, sight Up to increase players sound volume instead of usingyour laptops mouse or going to Settings on your Smartphone/iPad or the voice command Action Category to go to the list of movies in the Action category. Adding such a high-tech innovative feature in their player will amaze their happy customers and will leave their competitors contemplating in the shadows. Netflix can also enhance its online service by continuously challenging and rewarding able programmers to come up with new algorithms that increase the effectiveness of their rating application. What they did with their one-million-dollar contest, which was won in 2009 by a team called BellKors Pragmatic Chao who were able to come up with an algorithm that overcame Netflixs recommendation system by more than 10% (Netflix Prize, 2009), was very tidy and it really paid off so they need to continue upgrading their systems as it goes side-by-side with th e ever increasing size of their database.Speaking about the content, it was very clear that the bargaining power of the suppliers, which are the TV shows producers and movie studios, are becoming increasingly high and what happened with the Starz Entertainment deal is one example to mention here, when it announced it would remove it movies from Netflix streaming starting February 2012 (Young,2011). This leads us to what we believe is the most important recommendation for Netflix to consider, that is, invest more in original content. Going backward to the recursive cycle we previously explained, it is clear that getting new content goes in parallel with increasing the number of subscribers. For example, when Netflix secured the deal with Disney for exclusive rights to stream its movies starting 2016, many analysts assumed that the firm needs to get 4 million new subscribers to just breakeven with the cost of that deal (Morrissey,2013). One here might contemplate, that sooner or later , Netflix will reach a stage where it will cease to be able to increase its customer base, so its revenues will reach a kind of a slow moving ceiling, but their content obligations will continue to rise to maintain the licenses for the current collection and to get new content in. Many movie studios are closely monitoring Netflixs effect and stock prices, and they are demanding higher money for renewing their contracts, and this is a major threat for Netflix to consider.Unable to reach a renewal agreement with a major movie studio, will result in the disappearance of hundreds orthousands of titles from their online library in a fortnight. This will really embarrass the customers. Thats why we recommend that Netflix needs to heavily invest in original programming before they reach the saturation stage, or a deadlock situation whereby they cannot enhance their content because its too costly and they need more money by growing membership, and they cannot grow membership because they a rent able to enhance their content because its too costly Reaching this stage means the firm is approaching its last days. The solution for this misery, and to avoid this tragic end, is to invest in original content right away. Netflix started distributing premier programs in 2011 and now has more than 10 exclusive TV shows in its offering (Wikipedia, 2014), one of which is House of Cards an America semipolitical drama television series which became the first TV series to win a primetime Emmy Award without ever broadcasting on a network or cable channel (Neal, 2014). The success of the series encouraged Netflix to produce a second season of it in Feb 2014, and a third season is scheduled in early 2015 (Wikipedia, 2014).According to a study (Popper, 2014), one episode of such original content costs Netflix four million dollars but although this is very expensive, allocating an important portion of the budget every year to produce such exclusive series will have its mark in the fut ure. People can enjoy watching such series any time, as it is a permanent title in the online library, and Netflix doesnt have to pay licensing or any other kind of expenses on originals once it is broadcasted. They can also make it available for their international customers by adding local language features (subbing or dubbing) to it. Growing internationally is still one of the main strategies that Netflix is counting on and although international expansion proved to be very costly, as Canada for example broke even after 2 years (Netflix Investor Relations, 2014) they are recommended to continue with it. It will give them more international recognition that will enhance their reputation and will pay off in their competition with rivals, and this is exactly what CEO Reed Hastings said in Netflix Q4 2013 Earnings Interview we are treating international as a segment for competitive reasons (Netflix Investor Relations, 2014). As first movers in the streaming movie industry, it is ad visable for Netflix to leverage their position as pioneers of the market by offering several loyalty programs that will increase the switching costof the customers to their existing and future rivals. One thing they can do is to create a points-based reward system which works as follows every month you renew your subscription youll add 10 points to your balance, and if youre a new customer you get 50 free welcome points.Then through time your balance will keep adding up points and youll have the choice to buy several valuable things with it. For example, one-month free subscription for 100 points, an original DVD movie (from a predefined list of titles) sent directly to your mail and that will cost you 200 points, and the chance to meet with the actors of your favorite TV-series (Netflix Original) for 300 points. Such a loyalty program will keep delight the customers and keep them hooked to the service. While many consumers have cut the cord and made the switch to Internet-only TV o fferings, doubtlessly theyve experienced frustrations as well. Netflixs mobile app, while good, can be upgraded to present a much better and more seamless experience for those on tablets. We suggest added-value features like friendship connections, including the ability to see what friends on both Facebook and Twitter have watched, their recommendations, and share content with others. Another impressive change could be a tagging feature when watching shows which we believe to be instrumental in expanding the social aspects of Netflixs content. Viewers can tap the button at any time during a show to tag moments on the timeline relevant with quotes from the scene or make a comment regarding what they saw. Subsequent friends watching the content can see these tags, opening up dialogue between the partners and encouraging more social conversation through Netflixs app. (The lab Blog, 2013).Compared to the current apps design, this new proposal feels fresh and clean. Of course, those adde d features are optional and can be switched off whenever privacy is needed. By adding this feature, Netflix will be leveraging the benefits of the latest VPPA (Video Privacy certificate Act) law amendments President Obama signed which facilitate social media sharing of video masking preferences when users consent to disclosure of information via the Internet.(McClellan, 2013) Moreover, integrating social media with customers viewing experience will give Netflix an important marketing tool that will help them detect which content is more appealing to their customers and will also give their customers a window to speak out what they like to see in the future. Finally we can say that the next step for Netflixis to produce a Hollywood 100-million dollar movie that can be streamed same day it goes into the theater. This massive step of producing one movie every year, of such a caliber, will be a major boost for Netflix in the coming years especially if they were lucky enough and those movies turn out to be a major hit. But here one has to say, is it wise for a company like Netflix, that reported 112 million dollars in net income by the end of 2013 (Google Finance,2014), to handle a project of this size? Isnt it a crazy adventure? Or should Netflix go through a joint venture with other Pay-TV firms to reduce the risks of such a gigantic project?ReferencesBauman, L., Deal, N., Ishak, P., & Johnson, S. (2013, February 3). Netflix Environmental Scan / SWOT Analysis. Retrieved April 22, 2013, from Memoirs of a Student http//lisabauman.blogspot.com/2013/02/netflix?environmental?scan?swot?analysis.html Thompson, A. A., Peteraf, M. A., Gamble, J. E., & Strickland III, A. J. (2014). Crafting and Executing Strategy The Quest for Competitive Advantage Concepts and Cases (19th Ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin Ch6, pgs. 151-152 Thompson (2012) Netflix in 2012 Can It Recover from Its strategy Missteps? Thompson, A. A. (2012). Netflix Alternative (July,2013) Blockbuster on Demand Retrieved from http//www.netflixalternative.com/blockbuster-on-demand/ McGrath (Jan, 2014) Amazon and Hulu Could Slow Netflix Growth in 2014 Retrieved From http//www.forbes.com/sites/maggiemcgrath/2014/01/07/amazon-and-hulu-could-slow-netflix-growth-in-2014-morgan-stanley-says/ (Seave, 2013) Netflix to Competitors Be Afraid, Be Very Afraid Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/sites/avaseave/2013/06/06/netflix-to-competitors-be-afraid-be-very-afraid/ NetflixPR Netflix Media Center Company overview Retrieved April 19,2014 from https//pr.netflix.com/WebClient/loginPageSalesNetWorksAction.do?contentGroupId=10476&contentGroup=Company+Facts Kollewe (October,2011) Apple Stock Price Falls on News of Steve Jobs Death Retrieved from http//www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/oct/06/apple-stock-steve-jobs Zarafshar (Nov,2013) Remembering Blockbuster Retrieved from http//deweydigest.com/tech/2547 Cantisano (April,2014) Netflix loses Fox

Does the Brutal Truth in Sonnet 130 Essay

Does the heavy-handed truth in Shakespe atomic number 18s praise 130 and Swifts A well-favored Young Nymph red to bottom of the inning, take away from the smasher of the two poems. Beauty and aesthetics can be defined as Nothing more than nor less, than sensitivity to the sublime and the bewitching and an aversion to the ordinary and ugly, this means that beauty can be absolutely anything which is glorious as long as it is non ugly or ordinary, this may seem harsh, much like the poems by William Shakespeare and Jonathan Swift.In both poems Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare and A beautiful young nymph exhalation to bed by Jonathan Swift, aesthetic beauty is explored in a brutal and honest light. Shakespeares Sonnet 130 tells the story of a man describing his woman of the street intimately, yet distastefully why then her breasts are dun. Whereas in A beautiful young nymph going to bed, Swift tells the story of a low class prostitute in London in the 18th century Pride of Drury Lane, and her undressing Takes off her artificial hair.When considering beauty and aesthetics within the poems Sonnet 130 and A beautiful young nymph going to bed, it may seem im come-at-able to think of the poems as beautiful when they include such vulgarity and distaste towards the women within them Shakespeares Dark madam and Swifts work of fiction Corinna. However, the poems are written and presented beautifully, and may be considered well deserved of their place within the canon of position Literature.The worth and value of texts within the canon of English literature are chiefly characterised by interwovenity of plot, twist, language and ideas. Despite the ugliness in the poems, the way the poems are written and the complexity of them, still leave the poems as classic texts to be enjoyed and appreciated. The use of metaphors, similes and the complexity of the story within both makes them bailable for the canon of English literature, showing that a poem can sti ll be considered beautiful for the way it is written despite the contents. Sonnet 130 may initially seem harsh however it was not intended to disparage Shakespeares cyprians looks as so many commentators substantiate understood, what is meant is that she and her looks together do not require ridiculous comparisons to angels which are clearly unrealistic as her temper and the way she is, is attractive in itself. The term mistress has an ambiguous meaning, it could refer to a husbands married woman, or as defined in the Oxford English Dictionary a woman write outd and courted by a man a female sweetheart or a woman some other than his wife with whom a man has a long-lasting sexual relationship.The poem suggests the latter meaning, supposing it to be, Shakespeares so-called Dark Lady. Shakespeare wrote about the Dark Lady in many of his sonnets. Sonnets 127-152 were allegedly based on the Dark Lady so called because the poems make it clear that she has black hair and dusky skin, breasts are dun. Each of the poems demand with a highly personal theme, for example, in Sonnet 130 a relationship between a man and his mistress experiencing cognise and lust is discussed. The sonnets develop an autobiographical feel, posing the question who was Shakespeares Dark Lady?Shakespeare scholar, Dr Duncan Salkeld from the University of Chichester found evidence suggesting that she was a madam called Lucy Negro or Black Luce, who ran a disreputable brothel in Clerkenwell. He believes that she is the foremost candidate for the dubious role of the Dark Lady. Wilson Knight said when considering the relationship between Shakespeare and the Dark Lady that it appears to withstand been finer than lust and cruder than love, here he demonstrates his doubts about them being in love.He admits that they may have had strong feelings for each other but questions whether they were in love, he does however agree that their relationship went further than lust and the sexual side of th e relationship. The fact that Shakespeare kept her identity hidden, does pose the question, did he really love her and in turn support Wilsons quote about not being in love. It may seem romantic of Shakespeare to have kept his lover a secret, but we must remain aware that he did have a wife at home in Stratford upon Avon.The possible occupation of Shakespeares Dark Lady gives a contextual link to Swifts poem A Beautiful Young Nymph going away to Bed, as the role of prostitution is explored in this poem and there are suggestions that this was the role of the Dark Lady. The purpose of banter is to show what is bad or weak about something or someone through humour and exaggeration. Jonathan Swift is known as The Godfather of Satire, Swift himself defined mockery as satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybodys faces but their own.hither, Swift explains how everyone who reads his satire will see how he is mocking everyone else, aside from themselves. Th e use of satire gives A beautiful young nymph going to bed complexity when looking at the meaning, similarly to Sonnet 130, making it eligible for the canon of English Literature, as one of the requirements to be eligible is that the work has complexity. Swift published A beautiful young nymph going to bed in 1734, the poem is satirical, and it satirise womens artificiality Takes off her artificial hair and their use of the male gaze.He wrote the poem in the 18th century, when approximately 63,000 prostitutes were working in London, a terrible time, as prostitutes became more popular and more common, sexually transmitted diseases spread rapidly. Although in his poem, he looks down upon Corinna and efficaciously the women who were also in her position, he also intends to satirize the wealthy men who use prostitutes and in turn cause this problem. The male voice of narration in this poem is judgemental and snobbish. This voice effectively mocks the upper classes who most likely use prostitution as they could afford it.The voice insults those upper classes who use and abuse Corinna, demonstrating the first step between the classes in society at the time. Much like Swift, Shakespeares Sonnet 130 has a separate motive, other than writing a love poem to his mistress. On another level, the poem might suggest that the metaphors and language that sonneteers traditionally use are often hyperbolic beyond reality. Sonnet 130 mocks the fanciful conventions of romantic poetry by subverting the conventions of Petrarchan sonnets, which wrote about idealised beauty.This poem is about Shakespeares relationship with the dark lady and he speaks of her realistically but harshly posing the question is it better to be attractive with no personality or plain with a good personality? Here Shakespeare chooses the latter and is brutally honest, rather than being complimentary. The vocabulary he uses is harsh and cold reeks Here Shakespeare comments on his mistresss breath, he seems r ude and offensive. The import here is that when he goes to kiss her, he is not thinking of her, but of her bad breath and this is unkind.However, this may be merely a reflection of Elizabethan dental hygiene. Shakespeare writes that Coral is far more red, which is a clever simile, comparing her lips to coral is slightly over the top, as for lips to be that bright, they would have had to have been painted on and this is the type of fakery that Shakespeare is mocking. Shakespeare focuses on all of the things that would make you look at a woman sensually, her eyes, lips, breasts, skin and hair. However, in this poem these features are not appealing which is different to a conventional sonnet.A sonnet would traditionally have 14 lines, 3 quatrains and a final rhyming couplet love as rare and false compare, which conserves an abab rhyme scheme, Sonnet 130 follows these conventions but, a sonnet is also conventionally romantic and flattering, and this sonnet does not follow this conventi on at all. Undeniably, the form of a sonnet is presented charmingly and despite the harsh content, still leaves the poem to be enjoyed. He comments that he thinks his love as rare, however, the fact that he kept this dark ladys identity secret shows a lack of respect and a hint of perplexity as he did not reveal the truth.This lack of respect correlates with Swifts A beautiful young nymph going to bed as he is rude, sarcastic and brutal about the fictional Corinna Pride of Drury Lane. Swift tells the ref that Corinna is unpopular, Never did Covent Garden boast and that no one is concerned in her as she returns home at the Midnight Hour. At the time Covent Garden and Drury Lane would both have been heavily populated by prostitutes. Swift is repel by women like Corinna and is not shy about showing it in this poem.He describes Corinna as offensively and nastily as he can, telling the reader about her flabby dugs Swift links lines inside the poems to further insult Corinna slips th e Bolsters and Ruins. Must evry morn her limbs unite she has to rebuild herself and reconstruct her beauty every morning. Ruins are what is left of an ancient building when the structure is lost, Corinna is compared to a building when Swift says and off she slips the Bolsters that supply her hips. implying that, like a building she has a structure and without it, she becomes the Ruins of the Night. Swift criticises artificial beauty and fakery, which has links to famous fairy tales, such as Snow White or Sleeping Beauty. In these stories the women are beautiful for being natural skin as white as snowunlike Corinna. This suggests that pale and natural skin is attractive, which links to the women of the 18th century, when the paler you were, the more beautiful you were.Corinna objectifies the opposite of 18th century beauty The brutal truth within Sonnet 130 does not take away the beauty from the poem. The beauty of Sonnet 130 is continued by the composite way it has been written and the ambiguous meanings and reasons for being written these are what make the poem seem complex as it is filled with different ideas. The poem could be a confession of love as believed, a slightly sarcastic joke about his mistress or a complex exploration of the conventions of sonnets. The brutal truth within the poem hides Shakespeares true feelings for the Dark Lady.In Jonathan Swifts A beautiful young nymph going to bed the appeal of the poem is continued, despite the brutal truth of the contents, by the strong concept of satire within the poem. Swift has very cleverly turned what appears to be a misogynistic attack on women to become an attack on the people who have caused this for her. The brutal truth about Corinna hides the underlying meaning and it is this complexity within the meaning and plot, which keeps the reader interested and allows Swift to broadcast his message subtly but with clarity.